Rail

There is a nostalgic romanticism attached to railroads, given their status as the first continental mass transit system for passengers and freight. But in the 21st century, rail transport is still a popular option for international trade. Standard gauge and broad gauge rail systems interconnect major cities throughout the U.S., Europe, South America, Asia and parts of Africa.

While rail transport lacks the route flexibility and door-to-door convenience of trucks, it remains a thriving industry due to cost efficiency benefits, and its environmental friendliness compared to other transport options. More than 40 percent of freight within the U.S. is moved by railroads.

Industry consolidation over the years has produced seven Class I railways in North America: BNSF, Canadian National, Canadian Pacific, CSX, Norfolk Southern, Union Pacific, and Kansas City Southern. Smaller Class II and Class III railroads—the latter also known as short lines—also play a critical role in moving goods internationally.